Excel vs. Access aka David vs. Goliath
Many novice users do not understand the absolute power and speed that Microsoft Access possesses and the limitations that exist in Microsoft Excel.
Let's start off with the basics… Excel is a flat file whereas Access is a front-end and a back-end relational database utility. Access uses a coding language called SQL (Structured Query Language) that can search for records simply with criteria that the user specifies. Although Excel has the infrastructure to interpret this language too, there are reasons why Access is paramount.
In both Access and Excel, you can:
Both programs organize data in columns, which are also called fields, that store a particular formats of information, or data types. In Excel, the top of each column is used to label the column. A difference in terminology is that what is called a row in Excel is called a record in Access. Access stores and queries data in tables which if developed in a ‘normalized’ structure by using proper coding techniques, will allow all records to be found using different combinations of criteria. The way it does this is by using unique keys (unique identifiers for records) which creates a much more scalable infrastructure allowing for dynamic improvements with ease. Excel uses cell references to relate to data, an approach that is not normalized
The Bottom Line
If you have more than a few sheets of data, you most likely want to use MS Access. If it makes sense to store your data in 1 table and the amount of data is not overwhelming to your PC, then Excel can be your answer. With any type of process that data intensive, Access is almost always your best bet. Though, both are very powerful tools, people often misuse Excel when they should be looking at the bigger picture and building an Access database for their process.
Take a look a Microsoft’s writeup on this subject.
Customer case study: Excel to Access conversion
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